Several Research Questions On The Causes Of WWI

Several Research Questions On The Causes Of WWI World War One Account for the feelings of hostility towards the Austria-hungry Empire by Serb nationalists in 1914: Austria was what stood in the way of progress of the Serbian nation. Serbia was a direct threat to the survival of the multinational Austrian Empire and for that reason Austria felt it necessary to thwart Serbia's plans for growth and development. The Serbs desired more land, especially a coastline with an all important sea port, Austria denied them this by, in the peace treaty of 1912, creating a new country between Serbia and the coast, Albania. Austria also had Imperial control over several Slavic states, to which she denied national self-determination. The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria in 1908, and the subsequent threat of war by the Empire had also been a major factor in creating the hostility between the two sides.Assess the extent to which Germany provoked the war of 1914: The Actions and policies of Germany before 1914 were largely provocative towards the other powers of Europe and thus a major factor in the build-up to war.britain - bretagneWith the Accent of a new Kaiser, Kaiser William II to the throne and the retirement of Chancellor Bismarck Germany embarked on a series of aggressive reforms and developments to her foreign policies. Kaiser Bill himself was threatening to the other leaders. His proud, militarist and power-hungry features, caused him to be viewed in a questionable light and the policies he instigated for Germany caused the same reaction. Central to the foreign policies of Germany was Weltpolitik (world policy), which involved the move from a continental power to a world power through colonial and naval expansion.Chancellor Bismarck had prevented Germany from threatening the other Empires by her foreign policies but it wasn't long before Germany's determination for a...

Building Management Systems Essay Example

Building Management Systems Essay Example Building Management Systems Essay Building Management Systems Essay Essay Topic: To Build a Fire A BMS consists of software and hardware; the software program, usually configured in a hierarchical manner, can be proprietary, using such protocols as C-bus, Profibus, and so on. Vendors are also producing BMSs that integrate using Internet protocols and open standards such as DeviceNet, SOAP, XML, BACnet and Modbus. A BMS is most common in a large building. Its core function is to manage the environment within the building and may control temperature, carbon dioxide levels and humidity within a building. As a core function in most BMS systems, it controls heating and cooling, manages the systems that distribute this air throughout the building (for example by operating fans or opening/closing dampers), and then locally controls the mixture of heating and cooling to achieve the desired room temperature. A secondary function sometimes is to monitor the level of human-generated CO2, mixing in outside air with waste air to increase the amount of oxygen while also minimising heat/cooling losses. Systems linked to a BMS typically represent 40% of a buildings energy usage; if lighting is included, this number approaches 70%. BMS systems are a critical component to managing energy demand. Improperly configured BMS systems are believed to account for 20% of building energy usage, or approximately 8% of total energy usage in the United States. As well as controlling the buildings internal environment, BMS systems are sometimes linked to access control (turnstiles and access doors controlling who is allowed access and egress to the building) or other security systems such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) and motion detectors. Fire alarm systems and elevators are also sometimes linked to a BMS, for example, if a fire is detected then the system could shut off dampers in the ventilation system to stop smoke spreading and send all the elevators to the ground floor and park them to prevent people from using them in the event of a fire. In this report it is discussed the building management system (BMS) implemented in Administration Building of Trelleborg Lanka (Pvt) Ltd. It is a distributed control system with a computerized network of electronic devices. The BMS was setup is to control, monitor and optimize building service such as Lighting, Air conditioning, Fire security, CCTV system, etc. Main objectives were as follows. ? Good control of internal comfort conditions ? Zonal control ? Increased staff productivity ? Effective monitoring and targeting of energy consumption ? Effective response to HVAC-related complaints ? Flexibility on change of building use ? Central control and monitoring of building ? Time saving ? Low operating cost ? Efficient use of building resources and services Rapid alarm indication and fault diagnosis Systems linked to the BMS represent 80% of a buildings energy usage. Fire alarm systems and elevators are also linked to the BMS, for example, if a fire is detected then the system could shut off dampers in the ventilation system to stop smoke spreading and send all the elevators to the ground floor and park them to prevent people from using them in the event of a fire. The BMS comprises: ? Power system ? Li ghting system ? Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning system ? Security system Fire alarm system ? Elevators etc. 2. 0 SENSOR AND ACTUATORS USED ? Temperature Transducers [pic] [pic] ? Pressure sensors [pic] [pic] ? Humidity Sensor ? Differential Pressure sensors [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] ? Humidity Transducers [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] ? Level sensors ? CO2 sensor ? Flow Meter ? CCTV Cameras ? Light sensors ? Occupancy sensors ? Water Pumps ? Valve actuators ? Fans 3. 0 DETAILS OF CONTROLLERS/DDC USED Inputs allow the controller to read temperatures, humidity, pressure, air flow, and other essential factors. The outputs allow the controller to send command and control signals to slave devices, and to other parts of the system. Inputs and outputs are digital or analog. The BMS is facilitated with a System/Network controller as this is a Supermarket/Office building. System controllers provide general purpose feedback loops, as well as digital circuits. System/Network controllers are applied to control more mechanical systems such as an Air Handler Unit (AHU), boiler, chiller, etc. Terminal Unit controller is used for control of lighting. |POINT SCHEDULE -BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (TRELLEBORG LANKA (PVT) LTD |   |   |   |   |   |   | | | | | |DIGITA|DIGITA|ANALOG |ANALOG| | | | | | |L |L |INPUT |OUTPUT| | | | | | |INPUT |OUTPUT| | | | | | | | |DI |DO |AI | |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | | | | | | | | | [pic] 4. 0 SOFTWARE, GUI AND COMM UNICATION PROTOCOLS USED Open protocols were used. ? DeviceNet ? XML ? simple graphical interface 5. 0 DRAWBACKS OF THE SYSTEM ? Confusion is higher about responsibility of errors and faulty point identification when things go wrong since the open protocols were used. ? More than one points of contacts for any problem with BMS. ? Software and hardware was provided by different manufactures according to the requirements indicated in the point schedule. 6. 0 DISCUSSION The BMS implemented in Administration Building of Trelleborg Lanka (Pvt) Ltd comprises above mentioned mechanical and electrical services in order to provide the facilities necessary for maintaining a comfortable working environment. Basic controls took the form of manual switching, time clocks or temperature switches that provide the on and off signals for enabling pumps, fans or valves etc. The purpose of the Building Management System (BMS) was to automate and take control of these operations in the most efficient way possible for the occupiers, within the constraints of the installed plant. The BMS is a â€Å"stand alone† computer system that calculates the pre-set requirements of the building and control the connected plant to meet those needs. Its inputs, such as temperature sensors and outputs, such as on/off signals are connected into outstations around the building. Programmes within these outstations use this information to decide the necessary level of applied control. The level of control via the BMS is dependent upon the information received from its sensors and the way in which its programmes tell it to respond to that information. As well as offering a precise degree of control to its environment, it can be made to alarm on conditions that can’t meet specification or warn of individual items of plant failure. Occupancy times for different areas are programmed into the Building Management System such that the plant is brought on and off to meet the occupier requirements. These times are often under optimum start control. This means that the chilled water pumps, AHU, etc are enabled, at a varying predetermined time, to ensure that the cooled space is at the set desired temperature for the start of the day. The Building Automation System therefore, based on the outside air temperature the space temperature and the building structure, determines the AC plant start time. Occupied, Unoccupied are the two operating modes for the building automation system. Occupancy is usually based on time of day schedules. In Occupancy mode, the BMS aims to provide a comfortable climate and adequate lighting, often with zone-based control so that users on one side of a building have a different thermostat than users on the opposite side. A temperature sensor in the zone provides feedback to the controller, so it can deliver cooling as needed. Lighting can be turned on and off with the building automation system based on time of day by occupancy sensors and timers. One typical example is to turn the lights in a space on for a half hour since the last motion was sensed. A photocell placed outside a building can sense darkness, and the time of day, and modulate lights in outer offices and the parking lot. Air handlers mix return and outside air so less temperature change is needed. This can save money by using less chilled water. Some external air is needed to keep the buildings air healthy. Analog temperature sensors have been placed in the space, the return and supply air ducts. Actuators are placed on chilled water valves, the outside air and return air dampers. The supply fan is started and stopped based on temperatures and building pressures combination. The constant volume air handling unit, are used. CAVs open and close dampers and water-supply valves to maintain temperatures in the buildings spaces. They cool the spaces by opening or closing chilled water valves that feed their internal heat exchangers. Generally one CAV serves several spaces. Chilled water is used to cool a buildings air and equipment. The chilled water system has two chillers and pumps. Analog temperature sensors measure the chilled water supply and return lines. The chillers are sequenced on and off to chill the chilled water supply. Two cooling towers and pumps are used to supply cool condenser water to the chillers. The condenser water supply to the chillers has to be constant so, speed drives are used on the cooling tower fans to control temperature. Proper cooling tower temperature assures the proper refrigerant head pressure in the chiller. Analog temperature sensors measure the condenser water supply and return lines. The building automation system has alarm capabilities. If an alarm is detected, it is programmed to notify someone. Notification is through a computer and audible alarm. Fire and smoke alarm systems are hard-wired to override building automation. The hot water system supplies heat to hot water heating coils. The hot water system has a boiler and pumps. Analog temperature sensors are placed in the hot water supply. The boiler and pumps are sequenced on and off to maintain supply. Name : A. P. W. Jayasekara(09/8660) P. G. C. Karunathilake(09/8663) W. M. A. S. Wijethunga(09/8678) T. N. Walpita(09/8676) Course : MSc in Electrical Engineering-Department of Electrical Engineering, University Of Moratuwa. Lec. By : Prof. Lanka Udawatta. Date : 2010-08-14 ASSIGNMENT Building Management System – EE5118

Family Health Assesment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Family Health Assesment - Essay Example This research reveals the results of family assessment concerning the present state of health. Based upon the interview, the following are the summary of the findings for each of the functional health patterns. Gordon’s 11 Areas of Functional Health Patterns is an effective tool in conducting a family assessment and formulating risk, actual, and wellness diagnoses. In addition, some of the Gordon’s 11 Areas of Functional Health Patterns assess a family’s situation through asking many open-minded, family-focused questions. The questions are outlined in this paper. Family assessment revealed verbalization of the family to increase current health state in skin integrity, bowel elimination pattern, activity-exercise pattern, sleep, social interaction, and sexuality pattern. These are called the wellness needs of the family and categorized under wellness diagnoses. Wellness diagnoses are as important as other types of diagnoses in assessing a family. It is not only ob servable problems that should be noted but the request of the family also in improving the present state of health. Much as keeping the family healthy, the family also prioritizes achieving wellness in order to function effectively in the community and to contribute to the development of the overall health status of the community. Therefore, using Gordon’s 11 Areas of Functional Health Patterns will help a lot in identifying wellness diagnoses and improving the quality of life of the family and the whole community.

Drug abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drug abuse - Essay Example Drugs do come in various forms such as pills, powder or in crystals. Individuals who abuse these drugs do it in several ways and it does depend on the nature of the drug. A victim can consume the drug by swallowing if in pill form, snorted if it is in the form of powder as well as injection buy use of a needle or a syringe. Furthermore, those drugs that are in crystal form can be smoked or in haled by the victims. Using of drugs such as stimulants do aid in boosting an individuals moods, alertness, self esteem as well as energy with increased heart beats. However, I will not recommend its use since as they increased an individual’s rate of heart beats it leads to the blood pressure being elevated, which may cause long term sickness on increased blood pressure. As a result of the negative effects in our bodies in spite of the short term positive effect, considering the long term as the way then it is absurd to the victim. Such problems do lead to early deaths and the society is bound to loose most of it productive individuals. On the other hand stimulants are used to suppress appetite for a short period for individuals who are obese. Drugs such as Amphetamines is a stimulant that are mostly prescribed by doctors but if abused they affect the brain. The body and the brain can be affected by Dexedrine and Ritalin. These drugs have a chemical structure which is similar to the neurotransmitters referred to as monoamines including nor epinephrine and dopamine. Stimulants do increase chemical amounts in the brain as a result of this pressure of blood is increased as well as the rate at which the heart is beating. There is constricts blood vessels, the level of glucose in blood is increased as the path of the respiratory system is opened.... As a result of this, there is constricts blood vessels, the level of glucose in blood is increased as the path of the respiratory system is opened. In addition, it causes increase in dopamine which is related to the sense of euphoria that can be used with Nicotine which are stimulants as well that may lead to the storage of neurotransmitter dopamine in the victims brain. As a result of the dopamine concentration creates a stimulating feeling of euphoria that the victim experiences (Gitlin, 197-199). It is dangerous to use the stimulant sometimes. In spite of their use not leading to dependency which is physical and facing withdrawal risks. They are very addictive leading to the victim to use the stimulant compulsively. As a result of use which is continuous cause the individual not only affecting their bodies with the drug but also they never think of development since the little they earn is spend on drugs leading to a vicious circle in the society. Furthermore, when high doses are taken by an individual over a short time can lead to one feeling hostile. In addition, when high doses are taken body an individual it leads to high temperature for a body which is dangerous as well as heart beats which are irregular. It also leads to cardiovascular failure or what is referred to as lethal seizures. Most stimulants are very addictive such as cocaine, amphetamines as well as methamphetamine. It is tough for an individual to even try to use the stimulants after trying them because the victim will not be able to predict the extent of at which they will be under the influence. Depressants are drugs that are also abuse by human being across the globe. The central nervous system is usually affected by the depressant

Philosopy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Philosopy - Assignment Example For this reason, the Chinese Government is immoral for killing unwanted orphans. 5. This is an informal fallacy. This is because of the verbal abuse against Bachmann and it doesn’t have logic because the writer doesn’t make any sense in the statement. First, the writer writes about Bachmann’s favor in drilling the oil, then verbally abuses her. The statement Bachmann wouldn’t recognize an oil well if she bumped into one doesn’t relate to the first one. This is because everyone wants to belong to particular group and wants to feel united with a crowd, and this evokes a sense of belonging and unity. Once everyone has read this novel, then there is approval and acceptable from the crowd. This is because Senator Barrow is the first arguer; he has presented an argument on the increased social security benefits. The second arguer attacks the senator’s argument by equating it with an argument for socialism. He attacks socialism and concludes that socialism is unrealistic. Since Senator Barrow had nothing to do with socialism, this means the second arguer commits the straw man fallacy. This is because the writer’s argument ignores the Norris argument and instead, attacks his family and personal attributes that are irrelevant to whether he was responsible for the collapse of the central bank tower. Instead, the argument attacks him in a fallacious way. This is because there are two correct conclusions that are implied by the first argument. That Pearson supports the argument that evolution should be discounted and that he is a cocaine-snorting pervert and at the same time, a member of the communist party. This statement misses the point entirely. This is because the appeal uses force. If David Cole is not appointed as the new sales manager there is bound to be severe personnel cutbacks in the department. The threat imposed on the department

The Adventure of the Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

The Adventure of the Speckled Band Essay I read through two quite different short stories, continually considering how they both created suspense (anxious uncertainty, or expectation, or waiting for information) and tension (mental strain or excitement) and more importantly how I could compare the two, considering both similar and divergent parts in the stories. The first short story I examined was The stolen Bacillus. The title itself creates suspense, because of the word stolen. When something is stolen, you always expect a chase or investigation into finding the stolen item, and the word Bacillus (a single bacterium) this would prompt the reader to think of the stereotypical idea of bacteria- tiny green creatures that appear in films and cartoons. Therefore from the title, the reader is urged to read on and find out why it has been stolen, who has taken it and if it is going to be recovered. In the opening paragraphs of the story, a pale-faced man is inside the office of the bacteriologist. Wells refers to this man as the visitor, confirming that he is not known to the bacteriologist, leaving him at this point in the story totally anonymous. Wells describes the visitor in great detail, particularly concentrating on his physical attributes. Examples of this are he held a limp white hand over his disengaged eye. These particular details help to develop this feeling of suspense and tension, as our idea of the visitor now, is that he is rather creepy and sinister. What follows this is a very important line from the visitor: And yet those little particles, those mere atomies, might multiply and devastate a city. This captures the feeling of the plot entirely, the reader is now wondering why the twisted and sadistic visitor is there after all. These anarchist rascals. Perhaps at this point, the visitor was going to tell the bacteriologist what his real aim was. But before he can do so, the wife of the scientist (Minnie) knocks on the office door- a perfect opportunity for the visitor to take the Bacillus (cholera). At this point, the reader can now decide whether the visitor will take it or not. This draws us into the story, as well as building up a great deal of tension. After this, comes the most exciting and fast part of the story- the chase. The bacteriologist has realised that his visitor has stolen the bacillus, so he pulls up a horse-drawn cab and begins the chase. A lot of tension and suspense is built up in this scene; firstly the pace of the story picks up because of the use of Shorter words/sentences, Wells uses this technique to increase the overall excitement of the chase scene. Words that create this are: gesticulating wildly, mad, hastily and swished. The other cockney cab men are commentating on the chase, making it seem like a horse race on the radio or television, which adds to the excitement. Harry Hicks (the visitors cab driver) was using his whip, which was very surprising as it states that cab drivers never normally used their whips. This also adds to this exciting, tense atmosphere. Minnie then picks up a cab and starts to chase the others. The behaviour of the other cab drivers then begin to change they become really excited and start shouting remarks out. It is at this point in the story in which Wells now refers to the visitor as the Anarchist, earlier on in the story, he was calling anarchists Rascals. Towards the end of the chase, the anarchist reveals what his motives for stealing the bacillus were. This is the result of a lot of tension, as this is the first time we know why he has stolen from the bacteriologist. At the end of the chase, when the Phial breaks, the feeling of the story becomes very sorrowful, as the anarchist believes he is going to die, and more importantly, so does the reader. But the actions of the casualty become quite sinister once again, as he starts to laugh and states, anyhow, I shall be a martyr. There is a lot of suspense at this point of the story, coming from the fact that he is laughing when he shouldnt be. Throughout the chase scene, the bacteriologist had been extremely worried, but at the end we find out that the so called cholera is actually a substance that turns animals blue, and the reader sees the bacteriologist laugh it off, and the only factor he worries about is the fact that hell have to make some more. The reason why Wells did so well creating the Suspense and Tension in his story, is the fact that he left it until the very end to let the reader know what the bacillus really was. The second Short story I read was The Adventure of the Speckled Band, which is based around Sherlock Holmes and his partner Watson trying to solve the murder of a young lady. What I believe made this story really worth reading, is the fact that Conan Doyle wrote it from Watsons point of view. Where as The Stolen Bacillus was written in third persons point of view, which in my opinion isnt as effective as Conan Doyles first person view. My reason for this, is the story can be made a lot more descriptive, and that it draws the reader into the story as it makes them feel as though they are in the story as a lot more personal words are used: we, you, they etc

Private Foreign Capital in India :: essays research papers

"Private Foreign Capital in India"-Macro Economics Problem: Has Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) contributed to the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India? Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant increase in growth of GDP due to FDI inflow in India. Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is significant increase in growth of GDP due to FDI inflow in India. Project Prà ©cis: Definition: FDI: The acquisition abroad of physical assets such as plant and equipment, with operating control residing in the parent corporation. GDP: The sum total of all final goods and services produced within a country in a specified period of time. Foreign direct investment is an important source of capital, complements domestic private investment, and is usually associated with new job opportunities, enhancement of technology and boosts economic growth in host countries. Therefore foreign direct investment flows are increasingly looked as a panacea for all the development needs of developing countries. So, there is an increasingly intense competition among countries to attract FDI inflows so much so that governments see the magnitudes of FDI received as indicators of their success. Preliminary Literature Survey: Recent literature has shown that some may bring valuable benefits to their host economies, others may crowd-out domestic enterprises and actually reduce host country welfare. Studies have also shown that host government policies such as screening mechanisms, performance requirements, incentives and pro-active promotion play an important role in determining the quality of FDI inflows. Although FDI inflows into India have increased considerably since1991, its share would appear too small, especially if it is compared with that of other countries in the region such as China. India has been receiving FDI inflows of about $3 to 4 billion a year that represent a marginal under 2 per cent of total inflows attracted by developing countries. In contrast, China has been receiving over $45 billion of inflows representing nearly a quarter of total developing country FDI inflows. Particulars China India FDI Confidence Index score*(January 2000) 1.45 1.14 FDI Inflow (US $ billions, 1998) 45.5 2.3 FDI Stock (US $ billions, 1998) 261.1 13.2 GDP (nominal US $ billions, 1999 estimate) 993 468.4 * The FDI confidence index tracks the impact of likely political, economic and regulatory changes on the foreign direct investment intentions and preferences of the leaders of some of the world’s leading companies. Two parameters i.e. Attractiveness and Current are considered for probable FDI inflow. From the diagram it is evident that India is average on Attractiveness and average on Current too. India scores well above countries like Indonesia, Thailand etc in terms of the parameters.